Signs and symptoms: Many common symptoms can be caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, including weakness, tiredness, lightheadedness, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, pallor (pale skin), diarrhea, decreased appetite, nerve problems like numbness or tingling, visual changes and psycho-emotional problems like depression, memory loss or behavioral changes
Brain 146: 41914199, 2023
On the neurotoxicity mechanism of leukoaminochrome o-semiquinone radical derived from dopamine oxidation: mitochondria damage, necrosis, and hydroxyl radical formation
However, reduced enzyme activity should not be confused with an inability to utilise folic acid
Tightness or spasm in the piriformis muscle (deep in the buttocks) compresses the sciatic nerve