tobacco product use among adults and Cessation Indicators — United States, 2018 Cigarette smoking, e-cigarette, and heated

Interpretation is identical: any visible test line equals negative

and (e) smoking imposes uncompensated costs on the American health system

They determined: Smoking lowers the pitch of the voice (fundamental frequency Smoking lowers the maximum phonation time (the length of time you can make sound before needing to breathe again) Smoking may cause voice disorders, such as cancer, although functional disorders (i.e., injury) were not clearly proven Smoking can dry the vocal cord mucosa and irritate the vocal cords Smoking causes vocal cord inflammation Pulmonary function is weakened (breath supply and vocal power) Of note, it is not the tobacco that is the culprit

The campuswide smoke-free policy joined the 2006 tobacco-free implementation on MU Health Care property

Retrieved 18 February 2010