A: Compounded estrogen preparations use the same bioidentical hormones (estradiol, estriol) found in FDA-approved products, but they are custom-prepared by compounding pharmacies and are not FDA-approved
They use lyophilization, or freeze-drying, to keep their strength
Obtain the following laboratory tests to monitor hepatic and renal function and electrolyte and fluid balance: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood glucose, and electrolytes
90,91 Moreover, epidemiologic studies of different institutions showed that individuals with regular exercise, healthy diet (including more soluble fiber, colorful fruit, vegetables, green tea, or less intake of added sugars, carbs, trans-fats), limiting alcohol intake, avoiding smoking cigarettes and reduced levels of stress, which indeed increase insulin sensitivity
In addition, GLP-1RA can also indirectly affect RAAS by reducing the circulating level and action of renin and AngII, playing a role in sodium excretion and diuresis by regulating the ion exchange of potassium, chlorine and calcium in renal tubules (178)
