Copper peptides (GHK-Cu) include a copper ion bound to the peptide chain, which distinguishes them chemically and functionally from other skincare peptides
Results showed that the ingredient significantly increased NAD+ levels in senescent fibroblasts, activated the SIRT1 signaling pathway, reduced the expression of senescence-associated -galactosidase (SA--gal), decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, and promoted collagen synthesis
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Importantly, DSIP did not alter the rate of uncoupled respiration (VDNP), which is the oxygen consumption rate when the proton gradient is dissipated