Additional risk factors include: Chronic kidney disease : Reduced renal clearance may impair B12 excretion Liver disease : Hepatic dysfunction can disrupt B12 metabolism and storage Myeloproliferative disorders : Certain blood cancers increase B12-binding proteins Concurrent medication use : Some drugs may interact with B12 metabolism, including metformin, proton pump inhibitors, and H2 antagonists Patients with these conditions should have B12 supplementation carefully monitored by their healthcare team
Importantly, these effects occur without changes in food intake, indicating metabolic rather than anorectic mechanisms
Since B12 is processed in the liver, excessive amounts could potentially lead to complications in severe liver conditions
Since B12 contains cobalt, people with known sensitivities should not receive injections
Patients with tingling, numbness, brain fog, or neuropathy-type symptoms who may need active-form support