Archived from the original on August 4, 2009
After intake of Pycnogenol , the microbial metabolites 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)--valerolactone (previously also named -(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)--valerolactone or M1) and 5-(3- methoxy-,4-hydroxyphenyl)--valerolactone (previously also called -(3- methoxy-,4-hydroxyphenyl)--valerolactone or M2) were identified in urine samples of a volunteer as phase II conjugates (
P., Holtman, L., Aronica, E
Effects of lipoic acid on hepatic fat accumulation in rats fed high fructose diets High-carbohydrate diets are effectively converted to specific FAS in the liver via upregulation and activation of lipogenic enzymes, most notably FAS and ACC, corresponding to higher plasma TG and total FA concentrations but lower hepatic TG and total FAs [107]
Effects of random allocation to vitamin E supplementation on the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: report from the Women's Health Study