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Even though the production of ATP (or GTP, based on the subunit composition of succinate-CoA ligase) through mtSLP is minor compared to the output from mitochondrial F 0 -F 1 ATP synthase, its synthesis within the much smaller mitochondrial matrix -roughly one to two orders of magnitude smaller volume than the cytosol 233,234,235 -results in a proportionally greater increase in ATP (or GTP) concentration

However, it is best to avoid combining it with products that contain strong acids, like direct vitamin C (ascorbic acid), as this may reduce its effectiveness

This matters because those reports do not all answer the same question

Importantly, 93% of the ATP necessary for normal brain functioning is supplied by mitochondria [20]

Zheng, S., et al