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While high taxes may create incentives for illicit trade, evidence indicates that other factors have a much bigger effect on illicit trade of tobacco products

10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01169-7 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5.Zhu S, Gao J, Zhang L, Dong W, Shi W, Guo H, et al

Fruit and candy-flavored cigarettes were banned under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act in 2009

Long-term smoking can turn healthy pink lungs gray or black, and the lung tissue may also develop scars from constant inflammation

Human Rights Watch has also engaged with tobacco growers groups in North Carolina and Kentucky, and has been involved in dialogue regarding child labor and labor rights through two multi-stakeholder initiatives, as detailed later in this chapter