Riboflavin - Vitamin B2 (Fact Sheet)
The nasal spray is typically reserved for maintaining B12 levels after injections bring particularly low levels back to normal (5)
6 In the fifties, when chemotherapy wasnt available yet, children with neuroblastoma (a tumour of the autonomous nervous-system) received 1 mg B12 injections every other day during 2 to 3 years in a London childrens hospital
It is synthesized exclusively by micro-organisms (e.g., Lactobacillus spp ) (LeBlanc et al., 2013), which are also found in the gastrointestinal tract of herbivorous animals, where the synthesis of B12 occurs and the vitamin can be acquired in animal tissues
as an add-on to metformin, sulfonylureas, and/or sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) (SURPASS-2, -3, and -4)