doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142808
KPV: The Anti-Inflammatory Peptide KPV is a fragment of the hormone alpha-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) known for its potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects
In a 2014 study sponsored by the WHO, 1.7 million people contracted hepatitis B, 315,000 people got hepatitis C, and around 33,800 had HIV as a result of reusing syringes and needles
First, many of these cosmetic studies are small, and some were conducted or sponsored by parties with a commercial interest in the ingredient, which raises the possibility of optimistic reporting
A potential caveat in this study is that not all women will have poor vitamin B 12 status, and if the proportion of women with adequate status is high, this will reduce our statistical power which may result in failure to detect important differences