The Origin Story of Honduran Cigars Technically, Honduran cigars are far older that most people would ever imagine
Preventing that early inoculation requires a concerted societal and political strategy including school-based education, reduced media exposure, counter-marketing, tobacco and smoke free homes and public areas and youth access restrictions
Smokers are 61% more likely to see their prostate cancer return, and twice as likely to die from their cancer as men who never smoked
Chlorantraniliprole (Diamide class, IRAC 28) Targets: Lepidopteran larvae, thrips, whiteflies, heartworms, armyworms Advantages: Broad-spectrum, strong systemic uptake, long residual activity, low toxicity to beneficial insects Thiamethoxam (Neonicotinoid class, IRAC 4A) Targets: Aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, whiteflies, thrips, soil pests Advantages: Stomach + contact + systemic action, fast-acting, ideal for seed treatment Imidacloprid (Neonicotinoid class, IRAC 4A) Targets: Aphids, leafhoppers, thrips, leafminers, leek maggots Advantages: Excellent systemic properties, broad-spectrum, cost-effective (monitor for resistance) Lambda-cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid class, IRAC 3A) Targets: Cotton bollworm, vegetable caterpillars, aphids, whiteflies, borers & soil pests Advantages: Rapid contact knockdown, strong repellency, preferred for emergency control Abamectin / Emamectin benzoate (Macrocyclic lactone class, IRAC 6) Targets: Red spider mites, rust mites, leafminers, rice stem borers, American leafminer, root-knot nematodes Advantages: Ovicidal + larvicidal, good translaminar penetration, controls both insects and mites Chlorpyrifos (Organophosphate class, IRAC 1B) Targets: Leaf rollers, heartworms, leafhoppers, mirids, aphids, soil pests (aqueous formulations banned on vegetables) Advantages: Stomach + contact + fumigant action, broad-spectrum, affordable Deltamethrin (Pyrethroid class, IRAC 3A) Targets: Aphids, diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, cotton bollworm, pod borers, tobacco budworm, sugarcane borers Advantages: Fast contact action, highly effective against Lepidoptera and sucking pests Acephate (Organophosphate class, IRAC 1B) Targets: Aphids, planthoppers, rice borers, cutworms (aqueous formulations restricted on fruits/tea) Advantages: Systemic + contact, rapid translocation, economical Emamectin benzoate (Macrocyclic lactone class, IRAC 6) Targets: Lepidopteran larvae, thrips, heartworms, aphids, whiteflies, armyworms, cotton bollworm Advantages: High potency, low application rate, controls insects + mites, long residual Application Reminders: Prioritize low-toxicity, eco-friendly options (e.g., diamides, neonicotinoids)
Dalack GW and Meador-Woodruff JH
