Group 2 was a vehicle control that received local Hydrogel and an intravenous injection of saline
Topical GHK-Cu serum shelf life Pre-made commercial serums: Usually 6-12 months unopened 3-6 months after opening Check manufacturer recommendations Refrigerate after opening extends life DIY serums (mixing powder with carrier): Shorter shelf life than commercial 2-4 weeks typical (no preservatives) Must refrigerate Discard if color changes Factors affecting topical shelf life: Preservatives: Extend significantly pH: Neutral pH more stable Carrier: Some better than others (hyaluronic acid, glycerin good) Storage: Cool, dark, sealed Contamination: Sterile technique critical Best practices for topical GHK-Cu: Buy small bottles (use within 3-6 months) Refrigerate after opening Don't double-dip (pour into hand, don't touch dropper to skin) Watch for color changes (brown = oxidized) Replace every 6 months even if looks fine See our how to reconstitute peptides , bacteriostatic water for peptides , and how long reconstituted peptides last in fridge
Ramsay AK, Small DR and Conn IG: Intravesical botulinum toxin type a in chronic interstitial cystitis: Results of a pilot study
Injection Site Reactions: Why They Happen and How to Reduce Them Mild redness, itching, swelling, or small hives at the injection site are relatively common and usually not a true allergy
The peptide requires refrigeration, and prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures (as might occur during winter shipping) can damage reconstituted product
